In China, first distinguish fixed-price from negotiable: malls, chains and duty-free shops mean the sticker price; tourist souvenir markets, antique streets and street stalls are open to bargaining.
Bargaining basics: start at 30-50% of the quoted price; deals usually close at 50-70%. Compare a few stalls first, stay friendly, and walk away if the price sticks — sellers often call you back.
Tax refund: overseas visitors leaving within 90 days can claim about 11% VAT refund on purchases of ¥500+ at participating stores, processed at the airport customs.
Worth buying: tea, silk, porcelain, calligraphy supplies, TCM wellness products (mind customs limits), and creative cultural goods. Electronics are competitively priced but check voltage and warranty.
Payment: cash works but change is awkward; link Alipay or WeChat Pay (international cards supported) and carry a UnionPay, Visa or Mastercard for big-ticket items.
