HSK1: 150 words - basic greetings, self-introduction and simple Q&A; absolute beginner.

HSK2: 300 words - simple topics like daily life, time, weather and shopping.

HSK3: 600 words - complete communication in common life scenes; doubling vocabulary is a clear step.

HSK4: 1,200 words - discuss familiar topics; the common entry bar for foreign undergraduates.

HSK5: 2,500 words - read newspapers and complex exchanges; often required for graduate programmes and work.

HSK6: 5,000+ words - effortless understanding of formal and spoken Chinese, near-native.

Choosing: do a self-test with official samples; prioritise what your school or employer requires; passing HSK4 is already solid.